|
Question Type, Purpose & Example Exploratory – Probe facts and basic knowledge: Why do nutrition authorities unanimously recommend whole grains? Challenge – Examine assumptions, conclusions, and interpretations: Are low-carbohydrate diets the best way to lose weight? Relational – Ask for comparison of themes, ideas, or issues. What are the similarities and differences between “bad” and “good” cholesterol? Diagnostic – Probe motives or causes. What are key risk factors for developing Type 2 Diabetes? (More advanced: What are theorized cellular and metabolic “errors” or “insults” that may contribute to the development of Type 2 Diabetes?) Action questions – Call for a conclusion or action: How can you control your body weight, once and for all? Cause and effect – Ask for causal relationships between ideas, actions, or events: If a person increases their Omega-6 fatty acid intake while taking in very suboptimal levels of Omega-3 fatty acid foods, what would happen? Extension – Expand the discussion: What are additional ways that that someone with an elevated HgbA1c may work on reducing daily hyperglycemia, other than diet? Hypothetical – Pose a change in the facts or issues: Suppose an individual consumes equivalent calories from a meal of mostly refined carbohydrates compared to their friend’s meal of mostly complex carbohydrates, would their level of satiety be the same at approximately 3-hours after intake? Priority – Seek to identify the most important issue: How would you rank the World Health Organization’s global initiatives of diet and nutrition (based on most to least urgent change necessary) for communities in the United States? Summary – Elicit syntheses: What health benefits have emerged from the research on probiotic & fermented foods? Problem – Challenge students to find solutions to real or hypothetical situations: How can you ensure an athlete who decides to remove meat from their diet does not lack their daily estimated protein needs? Interpretation – Help students to uncover the underlying meaning of things: Explore the viewpoint or perspectives are we seeing in the media regarding proposed health benefits of the ‘Ketogenic’ diet in the media. Who do we find pushing this type of eating pattern? Who is the primary audience for this information? Are the health claims holistic for overall well-being, or are the claims limited in their scope? Application – Probe for relationships and ask students to connect theory to practice: Can eating a diet rich in antioxidants make a real difference between getting sick or staying healthy? (How may antioxidants reduce the most common chronic illnesses?) Evaluative – Require students to assess and make judgments: Are protein supplements as effective for building lean body mass as whole foods? What are the pros and cons of protein powders and shakes? What populations may benefit from these supplements? Critical – Require students to examine the validity of statements, arguments, and conclusions and to analyze their thinking and challenge their own assumptions: How do we know that consuming a diet high in saturated fat is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk? What’s the evidence and how reliable is the evidence? Is there substantial evidence to refute this association? Source: Davis, 2009, pp. 364-365; McKeachie, 1999, pp 51-52 taken from Barkley, Major, & Cross (2014, p. 41) |